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Other Glassworking Firms.
LONDON GLASS CUTTERS & ENGRAVERS c.1793
by Peter Lole (Article from Glass Circle News no. 78. 1999, p. 6)
Wheel engraving in 1680
This essay deals with the earliest of this group of Directories: THE UNIVERSAL BRITISH DIRECTORY of Trade, Commerce and Manufacture 1793-1798 (London, at the British Directory Office, Ave Maria-lane, and sold by Chamnate and Whitrus, Jewry-street, Aldgate). The position in LONDON is covered by Volumes I & II of the set, the first volumes to be issued. The introduction is signed in 1793, by Peter Barfoot and John Wilkes. Despite calling itself ‘British’, the directory covers only England and Wales. [The 1993 facsimile re-print is by The Book Factory, London N7 7AH, in ten volumes; ISBN 1 898593 00 01
When using these directories one has to enter a series of oft’ rehearsed caveats. The dates sometimes span a period, and in a national survey some entries will inevitably predate others. In some instances, as indeed with some modem Directories, fees were solicited for inclusion. Thus, no fee, no entry; but if pushed too far, no Directory, either! But the major problem is what precisely is the meaning of a description? Does an entry represent a one man band or a large workshop? What does a particular descriptive term mean, and is this term used consistently? Precise consistency seems unlikely, for the format varies somewhat geographically, suggesting that even in this respect different contributors were not consistently edited. In the context of the Directory under review, should we infer some difference is intended between the following terms used for the selling side of the Glass Trade:
This last term, ‘Glassman’, is particularly uncertain. However, in the 1794 list given below 'Glassman' most frequently refers to a merchant whos prime occupation is selling glass tableware, particularly when associated with 'China-man'.
The most suprising feature was that clearly London in the early 1790s was still by far the most important domestic Glass centre in the country. It had more than twice as many cutters as the rest of England put together, and half the Glass Engravers listed in the whole of England. It had almost a third (19 out of a total of 66) of the Glasshouses and Glass Manufacturers listed, but forty years later the proportion of Excise Duty paid in London had dropped to only 2% of the total English sum of £680,000. (See: C.R.Hajdamach: British Glass 1800-1914 Pp 413-41) But this note is really directed only to Cutting and Engraving.
The correct treatment of those listed as GLASSMAN, often in association with pottery, is something of a puzzle. There are twelve of them in London, of whom at least four are well known names who probably decorated Glass on their own premises:-
William Bacchus George Yard, Upper Thames St.
(Glass & China-man)
Jonathon Collett 10, Cockspur-street, (Glass-man)
Thomas Johnson 195, Holborn, (Potter and glassman)
William Kendal l15, St. James’s street (Glass-man)
In the following list any already recorded by Robert Charleston as Engravers are marked * The designation in the Directory is given as the heading below.
GLASS ENGRAVERS, c.1793:
| Name | Address | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | *George Armistead | New Street Sq. | Glass engraver and cutter |
| 2 | *James Byrne | c. 79 Little Britain | Glass engraver |
| 3 | *Thomas Frankland | 59 Redcross St., Cripping. (Criplegate Ward) | Glass cutter and engraver |
GLASS CUTTERS, c.1793:
| Name | Address | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joseph Aldwinkle | 72, Mark-lane | |
| 2 | Charles Allison | Garlick-hill | |
| 3 | Hector Barnes | 30, Pudding-lane | |
| 4 | Thomas Bennett | 48, Galter Lane | |
| 5 | Christopher Bird | 47, Markwell St, Wood St. | |
| 6 | John Birkley | 17, Ratcliffe Highway | |
| 7 | Samuel Brooks | 110, Strand | |
| 8 | Edward Brown | 12, Billiter Sq. | |
| 9 | William Burgess | 4, Little Friday St. | |
| 10 | Andrew Cobb | 26, Goswell St. | |
| 11 | Peter Cobb | Angel St., Martins le Grand | |
| 12 | *Samuel Collings | Earl St., Seven Dials | Lapidiary and Gl. Cutr. |
| 13 | Jaco Cope | 111, Upper Thames St. | |
| 14 | Croucher and Martin | 23, Queen St. Cheapside | |
| 15 | John Davis | Hart St. Cruched Friars | |
| 16 | Adam Denis | Clements Lane, Lombard St. | |
| 17 | William Dutton | Drapers co. Princes St. | |
| 18 | Thomas Fenton | 13, Birchin Lane | |
| 19 | Anthoy Genever | 340, Oxford St. | Cut glass Manufactory |
| 20 | Henry Goddin | 9, Sherborne Lane | |
| 21 | Thomas Goodchild | 252, Tooley St. | |
| 22 | Joseph Goodchild | 2, Tooley St. | |
| 23 | William Gould | 78, Gracechurch St. | Glass Cutter and Grinder |
| 24 | John Henry Grossman | Well St. Rosemary Lane. | |
| 25 | Haedy & Son | 287, Strand. | Cut-glass manufactory |
| 26 | Hancock & Shepherd | Cockspur St. | Cut-glass warehouse |
| 27 | Christopher Hannell | 85, Dorset St, Salisbury Sq. | |
| 28 | John Harris | Chamber St, Goodman St. | |
| 29 | Harrison and Beardmore | 125, Hounsditch. | |
| 30 | *Hodson and Blakeway | 71, Strand. | Cut-glass manufactory |
| 31 | Joseph Hunt | 34 Noble St. | |
| 32 | Peter Kolp | Yeates-co Butcher Row. | |
| 33 | Charles Leader | 17, Lothbury. | |
| 34 | George Lee | 48, St-Martins-le-grand. | |
| 35 | Goerge Lovell | 53 Red Lime St. Bloomsbury. | |
| 36 | Edward Lowe | 53, Crooked Lane. | |
| 37 | John Mark | Finch Lane, Cornhill. | 38 | Neale & Bailey | 8, St. Paul's Churchyard. | Staffordshire warehouseman & Cut-glass manufacturers |
| 39 | Henry Rider | 231 High Holborn. | Cut-glass manufacturer |
| 40 | Henry Rider | 23 Holborn. | Cut-glass manufacturer |
| 41 | James Simpson | 20 Portman St. | |
| 42 | John West | 40, Old Bond Street. | |
| 43 | Wilkinson | 16 Goldsmiths' Row, Shoe Lane. | |
| 44 | Young Lake & Son | 54 Watling St. | |
| 45 | George Young | St. Catherines. |
Finally we come to the GLASS GRINDERS:-
This trade, which was strongly represented in London, was most unusual in the Provinces. There is only one provincial Glass Grinder recorded:
James Turner, Newcastle-on-Tyne (Glass-grinder and spectacle-maker)
but there are two other craftsmen whose trade seems to be related:
John Kendred, Darlington,
(Inventor of a machine for grinding optic-lenses which works by water).
Joseph Pearson, Birmingham,
(Spectade-maker, glass-stainer, quicker, gilder and lapidary).
Whilst one's initial impression is that a Glass Grinder is involved in bevelling glass, such as mirror plates, it is clear from the above listings that it is more probably a lens making activity. There are many great Looking Glass Makers in the Directories, but one takes these to be essentially a branch of Cabinet Making. In my list London boasts of no less than seven Glass Grinders, plus William Gould listed above as a cutter.
[img_assist|nid=26|title=W.G. Cave, Glass Cutters.|desc=|link=none|align=left|width=300|height=285]
GLASS GRINDERS, c.1793:
| Name | Address | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Christopher Child | Playhouse Yd. Water Lane | |
| 2 | Thomas English | Great Earl St, Seven Dials. | |
| 3 | John Gray | 29 Steward St. Spitalfields. | |
| 4 | Nicholas Hancox | Castle St. Long Acre. | |
| 5 | John Harden | Silver St. Clerkenwell. | |
| 6 | Thomas Knight | Old Compton St. Soho | |
| 7 | William Schofield | White Lion, Seven Dials. | Glass Grinder &. |
Plus another specialist not found in the Provinces is:
Thomas Peacock 2, Chatham-pI. Blackfr. (Ground-glass manufactory).
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Another more general list of people involved in the glass industry was published the following year.
This list is given in alphabetical order of name rather than classified into subjects.Only eleven of the above listed glass cutters appear in the list below (marked *)with another two with the same names but with a different address(in itallics).
There are 19 glass cutters in total in the list but some of these are clearly glaziers. It may be that, as suggested by Peter Lole, both publishing companies charged for their entries and many of those who had contributed to the earlier publication decided not to bother with Kelly.
The reference to a Staffordshire Warehouse probably meant that it stocked glass from the Dudley/Stourbridge area. This could indicate that a cheaper range of glass was on offer compared with the more fancy and expensive London-made glass.
SOURCE: Kent's Directory for the Year 1794. Cities of London and Westminster, & Borough of Southwark (115 entries)
| Name | Address | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Abbott James, | Bridge street, Westminster. | Glass & Chinaman, |
| 2 | Allen John | Staffordshire Warehouse, 8, Rotherhith. | Cut Glass |
| 3 | Angus Jos. | 58, Aldermanbury. | Coach & Looking Glass Grinder, |
| 4 | Argand & Elgar, | Bruton St. Berkley Sq. | Patent Lamp Manufacturers |
| 5 | Bacon Jos. | 25, Borough. | Staffordshire & Glass Warehouse |
| 6 | Banner John | 2, Cripplegate buildings. | Plumber & Glass cutter |
| 7 | Barlow John | 183, Bishopsgate without. | Glass Manufactory |
| 8 | *Barnes Hector | 30, Pudding lane, Eastcheap. | Glass cutter |
| 9 | Beach Wm. | 3, Huggin la. Wood str. | Callendrer & Glazer |
| 10 | Bellendine Wm. | 14, Glass-house str. Carnaby market | Wine & Brandy Mercht. |
| 11 | Black A. | Albion pl. Blackfriars road | Cast Plate Glass Manufactory |
| 12 | Blades John | 5, Ludgate Hill | Glass Manufactory |
| 13 | Blakeway & Hodsdon | 71, Strand | Glass Warehouse |
| 14 | Bowles Geo. & Charles, | Cock hill, Ratcliff | Glass Manufactory |
| 15 | Brandy Geo. | 264, Wapping | Glass & Staffordshire Warehouse |
| 16 | Brewer J. | 126, Newgate str | Carver & Looking glass Manufacturer |
| 17 | Briscoe John | 20, Swan street, Minories | |
| 18 | *Brooks Sam. | 110, Strand | Glass cutter & Diamond setter |
| 19 | Brown J. | 6, Great Queen str. Lincoln's inn fi. | Glass grinder |
| 20 | Brydon John | 7, Charing cross | Glass, & Print Warehouse |
| 21 | Bushin S. | 19, Wellclose square | Looking glass Manufactory |
| 22 | Calvert Anthony | 21, New street, Covent Garden | China, Glass and Staffordshire Warehouse |
| 23 | Clarke Samuel | 285, Wapping | Plumber & Glass cutter |
| 24 | Clarkson M. | 127, St. John's st. Smithfield | China & Glass seller |
| 25 | Clement Mary | 24, Lothbury | China & Glass seller |
| 26 | Collett Jona | 10, Cockspur street, Charing cross | Glassman |
| 27 | Connell Cornelius | Cockspur st. Charing Cross. | Glass & Chinaman |
| 28 | Cooper J | 20, Noble St. Foster Lane | Looking glass Manufactory |
| 29 | Cooper Joseph | 37, Bishopsgate within | Cabinet & Looking glass Manufacturer |
| 30 | Cove Augustus | 62, Gracechurch street | China & Glass seller |
| 31 | Cox Alex. Tho. Co. | Falcon stairs, Southwark | Glass Manufactory |
| 32 | *Croucher Martin | 23, Queen str. Cheapside | Glass cutters |
| 33 | Dawson Rob. | 31, St. Paul's Church yard | Potter & Glassman |
| 34 | *Dennis Adam | 13, Clement's la. Lombard str. | Glass cutter |
| 35 | Dixon James | Glass Warehouse | 156, Fleet street | 36 | Everidge John | Gravel lane, Southwark | Looking & Coach Glass Manufactory |
| 37 | Fentham Thomas | 52, Strand | Glass grinder |
| 38 | *Gerner A. | 340, Oxford street | Glass cutter Engraver |
| 39 | Gill T. | 14, Lower Brooke St. Grosvenor Sq. | Glass Chinaman |
| 40 | *Goodchild Thomas | 252, Tooley street | Window Glass cutter |
| 41 | *Goodchild Joseph | 2, Tooley St. | Window Glass cutter |
| 42 | Green & Limpus | 62, Up. Thames str | Wholesale Potters Glassmen |
| 43 | Guest J. | 164, St. John's str. Clerkenwell | Potter & Glass seller |
| 44 | *Haedy Joseph | 287, Strand | Glass Manufactory |
| 45 | Hall Wm. | Staffordshire Warehouse, Newington causeway, Surry | Glass |
| 46 | *Hancock & Shepherd | Cockspur street | Glassmen |
| 47 | Hargrave Freeborough | 71, St. Martin's lane, Charing cross | Glass & Staffordshire Warehouse |
| 48 | *Harris John | Chamber street, Goodman's fields | Glass cutter |
| 49 | Harrison & Burn | 22, Barbican | Glass Staffordshire Warehouse |
| 50 | Hartley & Son | 108, Newgate Str. | Looking glass Frame makers |
| 51 | Hawkins Rich. | 41, Snow-h. | Turner & Looking glass Manufacturer |
| 52 | Hayward C. | 115, St. Martin's la. | China, Glass & Carpet Warehouse |
| 53 | Hayward Samuel | 20, Bread street | Glass cutter> |
| 54 | Heatley B. Mercht. | 2 Bell co. Mincing Lane | Glass Warehouse |
| 55 | Hillcock Robert | 57,Mincing Lane | China & Glassman |
| 56 | Holland & Tunstall | 2, High st. St. Giles's | Lapidaries & Glass cutters |
| 57 | Holmes John | Temple street, Fleet street | Glass house |
| 58 | Hooper William | 249, High Holborn | Glass Warehouse |
| 59 | Horne Crighton | Portland str. Ratcliff highway | Glass maker |
| 60 | Hunt Joseph | 35, Smithfield | Glass cutter |
| 61 | Jackson John | Mutton la. Clerkenwell | Turner Glass cutter |
| 62 | Jenks Robert | New Surry street, Blackfriars road | Looking glass Manufactory |
| 63 | Kemp & Son | 64, Cornhill | Cabinet-makers & Glass-grinders |
| 64 | Kendall R. C. | 44, Ludgate-hill | China & Glassman |
| 65 | Kendall Wm. | 15, St. James's-Str. | Glass Manufactory |
| 66 | Leader Charles | 15, Coleman-Str. | Glass-cutter |
| 67 | Leathley John | 4, St.Dunstan's-alley, Thames-str. | Crown Glass Warehouse |
| 68 | Livie John | Hermitage-yard, Wapping | Potter & Glass-seller |
| 69 | Lovell Tho. | 32, Bread-Str. | Glass & Staffordshire Warehouse |
| 70 | Macdougal Alex. | 37, Long-acre | Glass-grinder |
| 71 | Marsh J. & Co. | 79, Bishopsgate within | Potters & Glassmen |
| 72 | Mayhew & Ince, | Cabinet-makers, Upholsterers, & Dealers in Plate Glass | |
| 73 | Milbourne James | 347, Strand | Gilder Glass-grinder |
| 74 | *Neale & Bailey | 8, St. Paul's Church-yard | Glass-manufacturers & Potters |
| 75 | Neunburg & Nash | Glass-Sellers, 75, Cornhill | Chinamen, Potters |
| 76 | North & Son | 104, Norton-Falgate | Potters & Glass-Sellers |
| 77 | Ogdin John | 36, Upper Thames-Str. | Potter & Glass-seller |
| 78 | Oram Ann | 212, Wapping | Plumber & Glass-cutter |
| 79 | Palmer & Son | 118, St. Martin's-lane | Crown Glass Warehouse |
| 80 | Parker & Son Wm | 69, Fleet-Str. | Glass Manufacturers |
| 81 | Payne E. | 18, Bishopsgate within | Glass & Staffordshire Warehouse |
| 82 | Peacock W. | 2, Chatham-place, Blackfriars-Bridge | Glass Warehouse |
| 83 | Peacock & Co. | 46, Fleet-market | Glass Warehouse |
| 84 | Pearman George | 87, Gracechurch-Str. | Glass-seller |
| 85 | Peckham, Wm. | 6, Gray's-inn-passage, Holborn | Glass Warehouse |
| 86 | Pellatt Apsley | 115, Newgate-str | Glass Warehouse |
| 87 | Petipher R. | 300, Bell-dock, Wapping | Plumber & Glass-cutter |
| 88 | Phillips Geo. | 135, Oxford-Str. | China & Glassman |
| 89 | Pool Charles | 24, Whitechapel | China, Pot & Glass-seller |
| 90 | Price Thomas | 109, Strand | Cut-glass Manufactory |
| 91 | Purcell James> | 9, Great New-str., Shoe-lane | Glassman |
| 92 | Rawlinson Wm. | Staffordshire Warehouse, 140, St. John's-St. | Glass |
| 93 | Richards Hugh | 279, Ditto | Carver & Glass-grinder |
| 94 | Russell, Slater & M. Horne | Well-str., Wellclose-square | Flint-glass Manufacturers |
| 95 | Sharp, Joseph | 52, Fenchurch-street | Glass-seller Chinaman |
| 96 | Slyth & Fisher | 40, Lower Brook-st., Grosvenor-Sq. | China Glassmen |
| 97 | Smith James & John. | Brook's-wharf, Upper Thames-Str. | Wholesale Potters Glassmen |
| 98 | Smith Tho. | 22, Strand | China & Glass Warehouse |
| 99 | Standfield William | 481, Strand | Glass & Chinaman |
| 100 | Stanton Wilcoxon | 58, Lombard-Street | Looking-glass Manufacturers |
| 101 | Strange & Westell | 33, Aldgate High-street | Crown Glass Warehouse | 102 | Swan J. | 14, Parliament-str., Westminster | China & Glassman |
| 103 | Thatcher Geo. | 183, Fleet-street | Glass & Lamp Warehouse |
| 104 | Thomas Wm. | 4, Glass-house-Street, Swallow-street | Oilman |
| 105 | Tidmarsh F. | Staffordshire Warehouse, Great Surry-Street.Blackfriars-Road | Glass |
| 106 | Tidswell Tho. | Glass Warehouse, 121, Shoreditch | China |
| 107 | Walker Wm. | 112, Minories | China, Glass & Teaman | 108 | | 98, Hermitage-bridge |
Potter & Glassman |
109 |
Woodman J. |
Glass-house-yd, Aldersgate-st. |
Wholesale Jeweller |
110 |
Wright T. |
Redlion-market, Whitecross-str. |
Watch-glass-maker |
111 |
*Young Lake & Son, |
54, Watling-street |
Glass-cutters |
|

engravers
Heady was in the centre of crystal glass engraving , he and his workshop were the main jacobite engravers , more info on him would be good , when did he die , his son christopher , he would have engraved , i see he must have had more decendents with a joseph mentioned .
where did charleston get his info?
have you heard that AMEN glasses were done by Robert Strange , i have Geoff Seddons Photos and seem to know more about the engravers then than anyone ,if i can help you have my email ,you can ad me as a link if you wish , i have largest georgian glass collection on display outside the national gallery of victoria , i would probably have the largest collection of jacobite glass for sale , down here i have to buy them to see them ,you can see them on my web site ,
very informative site without the usual perpetuating silly ideas that some come up with,
cheers Ian
glass-cutter Pentony
I my comment, posted yesterday, I forgot to mention my e-mail:
petersdorff@gmail.com
glass-cutter Nicholas Pentony
Dear David,
I recently discovered that one of my ancestors was a glass-cutter in London. On further research I came across your detailed website and wondered if you have heard about the following glass-cutter:
Nicholas Pentony,
born … (unknown date and place),
married Westminster (St Martin in the Fields) 1791 Catherine Spavan (bapt. 1761,
buried Southwark (Christ Church) 1830.
In the burial entry for Catherine it is stated that she had lived in Hatfield Street.
William, a son of Nicholas and Catherine, was born in 1800 – but baptized in 1806 (14 May, Christ Church, Southwark).
It is in this entry of 1806 that Nicholas is being called a glass-cutter.
Nicholas died at some date before the marriage of his son (certificate of 1829, island of Mauritius). According to this document (in French) Nicholas had been a "négociant".
Could it, therefore, be possible that Nicholas had his own shop?
I would appreciate it very much if you could kindly let me know if you have ever heard about this glass-cutter with the name of Nicholas Pentony.
I do hope that your book will soon be available again.
With kind regards
fp
McCarthy (WH) & Son, 40 Rosebery Anenue
Personal recollection. At the time of these visits I was Professional and Technology Officer working at the MOD, Herstmonceux, Sussex.
With Jeff Thompson, barometer restorer based in Brighton I visited Mr McCarthy in about 1973 and 1974 to purchase new barometer tubes and mercury in glass thermometers. A barometer tube made by Mr McC was fitted by Mr Thompson to an instrument then in the possession of (Sir) Nicholas Goodison and is shown in his work on the subject. This instrument had a number of replacement wooden parts also made by Mr Thompson.
Mr McC also manufactured curved thermometers of the type used on portable aneroid barometers. He made thermometers that matched existing scales but how closely they did I do not know.
The premises were on the side of the road opposite the sorting office. One entered the workshop straight off the street. There was a mass of glass tube most stored vertically, short lengths of thermometer tube were stored in cardboard boxes as were finished thermometers. Most striking were the curved thermometers ranging in size from about 20mm diameter to about 60mm diam. and the tubes for marine barometers which had restrictions in the bores. Clean (triple distilled I was told) 'new' mercury was stored two 72 lb steel flasks on the floor and dirty mercury was stored in a much smaller one. Heating the glass was by hydrogen? torch in another workshop at the rear. When I first met Mr McCarthy he was recovering from a heart attack which, Mr T. informed me, was Mr McC's second.
The firm appears to have been in existence for about 100 years. Glass blowing skills were obviously transferable from one aspect of the trade to another.
John Griffiths, Formerly Curator of Horology at Liverpool Museums and Curator, Prescot Museum.
GLASS ENGRAVER
Hello,
Thankyou for a very informative site, my GGG grandfather George Armstead was a glass engraver and it has been quite difficult to find any reference to him.
His wife's maiden name was GOODCHILD and I noticed a Goodchild on your pages who was also a glass worker there maybe a link.
Is there any where you could suggest I look for info. I'm in Australia so it's a long distance research.
Thankyou again
London glass-cutters
Listed in Kent's Directory 1776, Kent's Directory 1778 and New Complete Guide to All Persons Who Have Any Trade or Concern With the City of London and Parts Adjacent, 15th edn, 1777
Herman & Dederick AYCKBOWM 27 New Road, Ratcliff, London cut glass manufacturers
Wills, Geoffrey. English and Irish Glass. Doubleday & Co,: New York/ Guinness Signatures: London, c1968.
Glass Cutter Oxford Street Soho
I have been given a copy of Indenture papers for Thomas Hutchins, for an apprentice to John Michardl Koppel (or Keppel) of Oxford Street Soho. The document is dated February 1799. Do you have any information? Is this of any interest to yourselves?
Regards
Celia Lawrence
Aire and Calder Glass Bottle Company
Hello, I am researching a Victorian House in Castleford West Yorkshire (now demolished) Kippax Hall near Leeds. It was built for an Edgar Brefitt (d.1913). What I know so far is, he was a London glass merchant who bought a Castleford glass works in 1844. It became Brefitt's Glass Works and later the Aire and Calder Glass Bottle Company and in 1913 became part of United Glass Bottle Manufactures Ltd. They had premises at 83 Upper Thames. I assume this would be Upper Thames Street? Edgar Brefitt was Sheriff of London in 1875.
I would be grateful for any information about Brefitt and his firm and premises in London or for any suggestions of sources for research to follow up on.
Regards
Chris Hand
Wakefield